how have animation techniques and movement in animation changed since 1850?

Clifford Riggleman: The first animated experiments were drawn on paper--totally. Start to finish. Even Windsor McCay's Gertie the Dinosaur, a film McCay toured with interacting with her, he hired someone to draw backgrounds on the original animation pages. It wasn't until the twenties that we started to see innovations like multiplane cameras and animating figures onto clear plastic cels. Even there -- the animation artists would animate the individual figures on paper. Someone in the ink and color department would then place the paper under the cel, go over the outlines in ink and paint it according to model sheets and formulae for paints he or --usually she -- was given. Then you would place a stack of these papers on the usually watercolor background the background department had made, and shoot it, before changing the cels on top of the background to the next set of cels.In the sixties a new innovation, an important one came in. Xeroxing. Photocopy machines re! placed ink, though people still had to paint things by hand, and you got films like 101 Dalmations and Gay Pur-ee which exploited the look you got from this. There were other kinds of animation going on. The National Film Board of Canada financed an AWFUL lot that even American kids would see (mainly through church groups and stuff like that). In the seventies and eighties experiments led to the first computer animation which was successful -- Tron was crude but worked in the context of the film. Pixar created classic shorts like Lava Jr. and Tin Toy by the end of the decade. The nineties of course produced the Canadian series Reboot and Toy Story, which showed computer animation is here to stay. Stop Motion is still being demonstrated. The Wallace And Gromit series are a good example. The only thing is if you want it backed in America, you have to do it on computer. Anime uses computer animation but it also, still, uses traditional animation....Show more

Fi! liberto Ranalli: Create Your Own Animations - http://3dAnimati! onCartoons.com/?sPns